LeakCanary源码解析
LeakCanary 是一款专门用来侦测 Android 内存泄漏的类库。使用方式简单,代码侵入性低,基本上算是 Android 开发必备工具了。
今天就主要来分析一下 LeakCanary 的实现原理。在开头就简单地讲讲它的实现思路:LeakCanary 将检测的对象(一般是 Activity 或 Fragment)放入弱引用中,并且弱引用关联到引用队列中,触发 GC 之后,查看引用队列中是否存在该弱引用,如果发现没有,那么有可能发生内存泄漏了,dump 出堆内存快照进行分析。分析出泄漏实例后再查找到它的引用链,最后发送通知给开发者。
Prepare
这里先简单讲解一下 WeakReference 的知识。
Q: 如何检测一个对象是否被回收?
A: 采用 WeakReference + ReferenceQueue 的方案检测
Reference
Reference 把内存分为 4 种状态,Active 、 Pending 、 Enqueued 、 Inactive。
- Active :一般说来 Reference 被创建出来分配的状态都是 Active
- Pending :马上要放入队列(ReferenceQueue)的状态,也就是马上要回收的对象
- Enqueued :Reference 对象已经进入队列,即 Reference 对象已经被回收
- Inactive :Reference 从队列中取出后的最终状态,无法变成其他的状态。
ReferenceQueue
引用队列,在 Reference 被回收的时候,Reference 会被添加到 ReferenceQueue 中。
作用:用来检测 Reference 是否被回收。
代码解释
下面这段代码来自于 「Leakcanary 源码分析」看这一篇就够了
//创建一个引用队列 ReferenceQueue queue = new ReferenceQueue(); // 创建弱引用,此时状态为Active,并且Reference.pending为空, // 当前Reference.queue = 上面创建的queue,并且next=null // reference 创建并关联 queue WeakReference reference = new WeakReference(new Object(), queue); // 当GC执行后,由于是弱引用,所以回收该object对象,并且置于pending上,此时reference的状态为PENDING System.gc(); // ReferenceHandler从 pending 中取下该元素,并且将该元素放入到queue中, //此时Reference状态为ENQUEUED,Reference.queue = Reference.ENQUEUED // 当从queue里面取出该元素,则变为INACTIVE,Reference.queue = Reference.NULL Reference reference1 = queue.remove();
在 Reference 类加载的时候,Java 虚拟机会会创建一个最大优先级的后台线程,这个线程的工作就是不断检测 pending 是否为 null,如果不为 null,那么就将它放到 ReferenceQueue。因为 pending 不为 null,就说明引用所指向的对象已经被 GC,变成了不也达。
源码解析
LeakCanary 初始化的代码就一句 LeakCanary.install(application)
。所以我们就从入口开始看吧。
LeakCanary.install
public static @NonNull RefWatcher install(@NonNull Application application) { return refWatcher(application).listenerServiceClass(DisplayLeakService.class) .excludedRefs(AndroidExcludedRefs.createAppDefaults().build()) .buildAndInstall(); } public static @NonNull AndroidRefWatcherBuilder refWatcher(@NonNull Context context) { return new AndroidRefWatcherBuilder(context); }
在 install 方法中,使用了构造者模式来创建 RefWatcher 。我们直接看 AndroidRefWatcherBuilder 的 buildAndInstall 模式。
AndroidRefWatcherBuilder.buildAndInstall
public @NonNull RefWatcher buildAndInstall() { if (LeakCanaryInternals.installedRefWatcher != null) { throw new UnsupportedOperationException("buildAndInstall() should only be called once."); } // 创建出 RefWatcher RefWatcher refWatcher = build(); if (refWatcher != DISABLED) { if (enableDisplayLeakActivity) { LeakCanaryInternals.setEnabledAsync(context, DisplayLeakActivity.class, true); } // 侦测 Activity if (watchActivities) { ActivityRefWatcher.install(context, refWatcher); } // 侦测 Fragment if (watchFragments) { FragmentRefWatcher.Helper.install(context, refWatcher); } } LeakCanaryInternals.installedRefWatcher = refWatcher; return refWatcher; }
重点来看 ActivityRefWatcher.install(context, refWatcher);
在这里我们就只看 ActivityRefWatcher 了,因为 FragmentRefWatcher 的原理也是差不多。
AndroidRefWatcher.install
public static void install(@NonNull Context context, @NonNull RefWatcher refWatcher) { Application application = (Application) context.getApplicationContext(); ActivityRefWatcher activityRefWatcher = new ActivityRefWatcher(application, refWatcher); application.registerActivityLifecycleCallbacks(activityRefWatcher.lifecycleCallbacks); } private final Application.ActivityLifecycleCallbacks lifecycleCallbacks = new ActivityLifecycleCallbacksAdapter() { @Override public void onActivityDestroyed(Activity activity) { refWatcher.watch(activity); } };
在 AndroidRefWatcher 中,只是去注册了 ActivityLifecycleCallbacks 接口。在 onActivityDestroyed 方法中调用 refWatcher 去观察该 Activity 有没有内存泄漏。这样,就不需要开发者手动地去写代码监听每一个 Activity 了。
RefWatcher.watch
public void watch(Object watchedReference) { watch(watchedReference, ""); } public void watch(Object watchedReference, String referenceName) { if (this == DISABLED) { return; } checkNotNull(watchedReference, "watchedReference"); checkNotNull(referenceName, "referenceName"); final long watchStartNanoTime = System.nanoTime(); // 创建出唯一的 key ,用来标示该 WeakReference String key = UUID.randomUUID().toString(); // 把该 key 加入到 Set 集合中 retainedKeys.add(key); // 创建弱引用,把 activity 传入 final KeyedWeakReference reference = new KeyedWeakReference(watchedReference, key, referenceName, queue); // 观察该 Activity 有没有被GC回收 ensureGoneAsync(watchStartNanoTime, reference); } private void ensureGoneAsync(final long watchStartNanoTime, final KeyedWeakReference reference) { // 这里会调用 IdleHandler 等待主线程空闲的时候再执行 watchExecutor.execute(new Retryable() { @Override public Retryable.Result run() { // 确认 Activity 有没有被回收 return ensureGone(reference, watchStartNanoTime); } }); }
创建出一个有唯一标示的 WeakReference ,然后调用 ensureGone 来看看 Activity 有没有被回收。
RefWatcher.ensureGone
@SuppressWarnings("ReferenceEquality") // Explicitly checking for named null. Retryable.Result ensureGone(final KeyedWeakReference reference, final long watchStartNanoTime) { long gcStartNanoTime = System.nanoTime(); long watchDurationMs = NANOSECONDS.toMillis(gcStartNanoTime - watchStartNanoTime); //把 referenceQueue 中已经入列的弱引用取出 //然后从 set 集合中把对应的 retainedKeys 移除 removeWeaklyReachableReferences(); if (debuggerControl.isDebuggerAttached()) { // The debugger can create false leaks. return RETRY; } // 如果 set 中没有对应的key ,那就说明没有内存泄漏 if (gone(reference)) { return DONE; } // 触发 GC gcTrigger.runGc(); // 再检查一遍 removeWeaklyReachableReferences(); // 如果在 set 中还有这个key,说明内存泄漏了 if (!gone(reference)) { long startDumpHeap = System.nanoTime(); long gcDurationMs = NANOSECONDS.toMillis(startDumpHeap - gcStartNanoTime); // 调用 Debug.dumpHprofData dump出内存快照 File heapDumpFile = heapDumper.dumpHeap(); if (heapDumpFile == RETRY_LATER) { // Could not dump the heap. return RETRY; } long heapDumpDurationMs = NANOSECONDS.toMillis(System.nanoTime() - startDumpHeap); HeapDump heapDump = heapDumpBuilder.heapDumpFile(heapDumpFile).referenceKey(reference.key) .referenceName(reference.name) .watchDurationMs(watchDurationMs) .gcDurationMs(gcDurationMs) .heapDumpDurationMs(heapDumpDurationMs) .build(); // 分析内存, 这里的 heapdumpListener 实现类是 ServiceHeapDumpListener heapdumpListener.analyze(heapDump); } return DONE; } private boolean gone(KeyedWeakReference reference) { return !retainedKeys.contains(reference.key); } private void removeWeaklyReachableReferences() { // WeakReferences are enqueued as soon as the object to which they point to becomes weakly // reachable. This is before finalization or garbage collection has actually happened. KeyedWeakReference ref; while ((ref = (KeyedWeakReference) queue.poll()) != null) { retainedKeys.remove(ref.key); } }
ensureGone 中逻辑就是反复地确认 Set 集合中还有没有 key ,如果没有的话就代表没有内存泄漏;反之,就很有可能发生了内存泄漏。
ServiceHeapDumpListener.analyze
public final class ServiceHeapDumpListener implements HeapDump.Listener { private final Context context; private final Class listenerServiceClass; public ServiceHeapDumpListener(@NonNull final Context context, @NonNull final Class listenerServiceClass) { this.listenerServiceClass = checkNotNull(listenerServiceClass, "listenerServiceClass"); this.context = checkNotNull(context, "context").getApplicationContext(); } @Override public void analyze(@NonNull HeapDump heapDump) { checkNotNull(heapDump, "heapDump"); // HeapAnalyzerService 将运行在另外一个独立的进程中 HeapAnalyzerService.runAnalysis(context, heapDump, listenerServiceClass); } }
ServiceHeapDumpListener 这里主要调用了 HeapAnalyzerService 来分析内存。注意,HeapAnalyzerService 是运行在另外一个进程中的,不是主进程。
HeapAnalyzerService.runAnalysis
public static void runAnalysis(Context context, HeapDump heapDump, Class listenerServiceClass) { setEnabledBlocking(context, HeapAnalyzerService.class, true); setEnabledBlocking(context, listenerServiceClass, true); Intent intent = new Intent(context, HeapAnalyzerService.class); intent.putExtra(LISTENER_CLASS_EXTRA, listenerServiceClass.getName()); intent.putExtra(HEAPDUMP_EXTRA, heapDump); ContextCompat.startForegroundService(context, intent); }
HeapAnalyzerService 其实是继承了 IntentService 的。所以只要看 onHandleIntent 中的内容就好了,对应着也就是 onHandleIntentInForeground 方法。
HeapAnalyzerService.onHandleIntentInForeground
@Override protected void onHandleIntentInForeground(@Nullable Intent intent) { if (intent == null) { CanaryLog.d("HeapAnalyzerService received a null intent, ignoring."); return; } String listenerClassName = intent.getStringExtra(LISTENER_CLASS_EXTRA); HeapDump heapDump = (HeapDump) intent.getSerializableExtra(HEAPDUMP_EXTRA); HeapAnalyzer heapAnalyzer = new HeapAnalyzer(heapDump.excludedRefs, this, heapDump.reachabilityInspectorClasses); // 分析内存,查找内存泄漏点以及引用链 AnalysisResult result = heapAnalyzer.checkForLeak(heapDump.heapDumpFile, heapDump.referenceKey, heapDump.computeRetainedHeapSize); // 找到后,发送通知给开发者 AbstractAnalysisResultService.sendResultToListener(this, listenerClassName, heapDump, result); }
分析内存的步骤主要在 HeapAnalyzer 中。
HeapAnalyzer.checkForLeak
public @NonNull AnalysisResult checkForLeak(@NonNull File heapDumpFile, @NonNull String referenceKey, boolean computeRetainedSize) { long analysisStartNanoTime = System.nanoTime(); if (!heapDumpFile.exists()) { Exception exception = new IllegalArgumentException("File does not exist: " + heapDumpFile); return failure(exception, since(analysisStartNanoTime)); } try { listener.onProgressUpdate(READING_HEAP_DUMP_FILE); HprofBuffer buffer = new MemoryMappedFileBuffer(heapDumpFile); HprofParser parser = new HprofParser(buffer); listener.onProgressUpdate(PARSING_HEAP_DUMP); Snapshot snapshot = parser.parse(); listener.onProgressUpdate(DEDUPLICATING_GC_ROOTS); deduplicateGcRoots(snapshot); listener.onProgressUpdate(FINDING_LEAKING_REF); // 发现内存泄漏的实例 Instance leakingRef = findLeakingReference(referenceKey, snapshot); // False alarm, weak reference was cleared in between key check and heap dump. // 如果实例不存在,那就说明没有内存泄漏 if (leakingRef == null) { String className = leakingRef.getClassObj().getClassName(); return noLeak(className, since(analysisStartNanoTime)); } // 分析出对应的引用链 return findLeakTrace(analysisStartNanoTime, snapshot, leakingRef, computeRetainedSize); } catch (Throwable e) { return failure(e, since(analysisStartNanoTime)); } }
这里主要有两个方法的看点:
- findLeakingReference
- findLeakTrace
我们先来看第一个 findLeakingReference 。
HeapAnalyzer.findLeakingReference
private Instance findLeakingReference(String key, Snapshot snapshot) { ClassObj refClass = snapshot.findClass(KeyedWeakReference.class.getName()); if (refClass == null) { throw new IllegalStateException( "Could not find the " + KeyedWeakReference.class.getName() + " class in the heap dump."); } List keysFound = new ArrayList(); for (Instance instance : refClass.getInstancesList()) { List values = classInstanceValues(instance); Object keyFieldValue = fieldValue(values, "key"); if (keyFieldValue == null) { keysFound.add(null); continue; } String keyCandidate = asString(keyFieldValue); if (keyCandidate.equals(key)) { return fieldValue(values, "referent"); } keysFound.add(keyCandidate); } throw new IllegalStateException( "Could not find weak reference with key " + key + " in " + keysFound); }
还记得之前 KeyedWeakReference 中的那个唯一标示 key 吗?对,这里找内存泄漏的实例也是靠它。
通过那个 key 可以找出 KeyedWeakReference 实例,然后 KeyedWeakReference 实例中 referent 全局变量就是我们要找的内存泄漏实例。也就是我们的 Activity/Fragment 对象。
这样,就完成了内存泄漏的实例查找。然后我们再来看第二个点 findLeakTrace 方法。
HeapAnalyzer.findLeakTrace
private AnalysisResult findLeakTrace(long analysisStartNanoTime, Snapshot snapshot, Instance leakingRef, boolean computeRetainedSize) { listener.onProgressUpdate(FINDING_SHORTEST_PATH); ShortestPathFinder pathFinder = new ShortestPathFinder(excludedRefs); ShortestPathFinder.Result result = pathFinder.findPath(snapshot, leakingRef); String className = leakingRef.getClassObj().getClassName(); // False alarm, no strong reference path to GC Roots. if (result.leakingNode == null) { return noLeak(className, since(analysisStartNanoTime)); } listener.onProgressUpdate(BUILDING_LEAK_TRACE); LeakTrace leakTrace = buildLeakTrace(result.leakingNode); long retainedSize; if (computeRetainedSize) { listener.onProgressUpdate(COMPUTING_DOMINATORS); // Side effect: computes retained size. snapshot.computeDominators(); Instance leakingInstance = result.leakingNode.instance; retainedSize = leakingInstance.getTotalRetainedSize(); // TODO: check O sources and see what happened to android.graphics.Bitmap.mBuffer if (SDK_INT <= N_MR1) { listener.onProgressUpdate(COMPUTING_BITMAP_SIZE); retainedSize += computeIgnoredBitmapRetainedSize(snapshot, leakingInstance); } } else { retainedSize = AnalysisResult.RETAINED_HEAP_SKIPPED; } return leakDetected(result.excludingKnownLeaks, className, leakTrace, retainedSize, since(analysisStartNanoTime)); }
findLeakTrace 方法总体的逻辑就是
- 建立内存泄漏点到 GC Roots 的最短引用链
- 计算整个内存泄漏的大小 retained size
这里的在内存快照中引用链建立等都是在 haha 库中完成的。haha 是 square 出品一款 Android Heap 分析库。
具体可以看这里 : https://github.com/square/haha
到这里,LeakCanary 整体的逻辑分析就讲完了。下面再给出一张流程图。
流程图