Koa源码阅读

Koa 在众多NodeJs框架中,以短小精悍而著称,核心代码只有大约570行,非常适合源码阅读。

实际上核心来说,Koa主要是两块

ctx

本文就核心阅读中间件的源码。

Koa使用

中间件可以理解为插件,对于Koa来说,就是很简单的 use() API。

const Koa = require(‘koa’);
const app = new Koa();

app.use(async (ctx, next) => {
  const start = Date.now();
  await next();
  const ms = Date.now() - start;
  console.log(`${ctx.method} ${ctx.url} - ${ms}ms`);
});

app.listen(3000);

甚至实际应用必不可少的路由,对Koa来说也是一个中间件。

const Koa = require(‘koa’);
const Router = require(‘koa-router’);

const app = new Koa();
const router = new Router();

router.get(‘/‘, (ctx, next) => {
  // ctx.router available
});

app
  .use(router.routes())
  .use(router.allowedMethods());

Koa整体调用流程

原生Node实现一个Http Server很是简单:

const http = require(‘http’);

const hostname = '127.0.0.1';
const port = 3000;

const server = http.createServer((req, res) => {
  res.statusCode = 200;
  res.setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/plain');
  res.end('Hello World\n');
});

server.listen(port, hostname, () => {
  console.log(`Server running at http://${hostname}:${port}/`);
});

抽象Koa调用如下

class Koa {
    middleware = [];

    // 监听端口,开启服务
    public listen(...args) {
        const server = http.createServer(this.callback());
        return server.listen(...args);
    }

    // 收集中间件
    public use(fu) {
        this.middleware.push(fn);
        return this;
    }

    // 请求callback
    private callback() {
        const fn = compose(this.middleware)
        const handleRequest = (req, res) => {
            const ctx = this.createContext(req,res);
            return this.handleRequest(ctx, fn)
        }
    }

    private handleRequest(ctx, fnMiddleware) {
        const res = ctx.res;
        res.statusCode = 404;
        const onerror = err => ctx.onerror(err)
        const handleResponse = () => this.respond(ctx) 
        onFinished(res, onerror); // 做收尾工作,例如关闭文件,socket链接等
        return fnMiddleware(ctx).then(handleResponse).catch(onerror)
    }

    // 集中处理请求响应的收尾,减少重复业务代码
    private respond(ctx) {
        // allow bypassing koa
        if (false === ctx.respond) return;

        if (!ctx.writable) return;

        const res = ctx.res;
        let body = ctx.body;
        const code = ctx.status;

        // ignore body
        if (statuses.empty[code]) {
            // strip headers
            ctx.body = null;
            return res.end();
        }

        if ('HEAD' == ctx.method) {
            if (!res.headersSent && isJSON(body)) {
                ctx.length = Buffer.byteLength(JSON.stringify(body));
            }
            return res.end();
        }

        // status body
        if (null == body) {
            if (ctx.req.httpVersionMajor >= 2) {
                body = String(code);
            } else {
                body = ctx.message || String(code);
            }
            if (!res.headersSent) {
                ctx.type = 'text';
                ctx.length = Buffer.byteLength(body);
            }
            return res.end(body);
        }

        // responses
        if (Buffer.isBuffer(body)) return res.end(body);
        if ('string' == typeof body) return res.end(body);
        if (body instanceof Stream) return body.pipe(res);

        // body: json
        body = JSON.stringify(body);
        if (!res.headersSent) {
            ctx.length = Buffer.byteLength(body);
        }
        res.end(body);
    }

}

是不是比想象的还要简单:smile:

Koa 中间件“洋葱模型”

Koa最为人称道的就是这点。甚至Koa在 GitHub 中的简介只是:

Expressive middleware for node.js using ES2017 async functions

下面这张图很好的表达了什么是”洋葱模型“。

洋葱的每一层就是中间件。这种精巧结构的实现实际上不在Koa源码中,是由 koajs/compose 这个独立的库实现的,源码更加的简单。

'use strict'

/**
 * Expose compositor.
 */

module.exports = compose

/**
 * Compose `middleware` returning
 * a fully valid middleware comprised
 * of all those which are passed.
 *
 * @param {Array} middleware
 * @return {Function}
 * @api public
 */

function compose (middleware) {
  if (!Array.isArray(middleware)) throw new TypeError('Middleware stack must be an array!')
  for (const fn of middleware) {
    if (typeof fn !== 'function') throw new TypeError('Middleware must be composed of functions!')
  }

  /**
   * @param {Object} context
   * @return {Promise}
   * @api public
   */

  return function (context, next) {
    // last called middleware #
    let index = -1
    return dispatch(0)
    function dispatch (i) {
      if (i <= index) return Promise.reject(new Error('next() called multiple times'))
      index = i
      let fn = middleware[i]
      if (i === middleware.length) fn = next
      if (!fn) return Promise.resolve()
      try {
        return Promise.resolve(fn(context, dispatch.bind(null, i + 1)));
      } catch (err) {
        return Promise.reject(err)
      }
    }
  }
}

需要注意的是

Promise.resolve()
next()

实现上 compose 这个简单精巧的函数在前端界很有名了,Redux的插件系统也是取经于此。