Cendertron，动态爬虫的滑动验证码绕过策略

Cendertron，动态爬虫的滑动验证码绕过策略

在 Cendertron 安全动态爬虫系列中我们依次介绍了安全爬虫的设计、爬虫的集群搭建，本篇则是讨论有关于滑动验证码的绕过策略。

本文采用的策略与代码来自 How to bypass “slider CAPTCHA” with JS and Puppeteer 一文。

爬虫中滑动验证的绕过

验证是常见的反爬虫策略之一，在现在的很多站点中我们会引入滑动验证的方式，来校验访问者的真实性。譬如下面著名的 jQuery 滑动插件：

在模拟登陆时，我们往往需要绕过这样的滑动验证，而基于 Puppeteer 的动态爬虫也给予了便利；往往我们需要进行以下步骤：移动到滑条中间，按下鼠标，移动鼠标，释放鼠标。

const puppeteer = require('puppeteer');

async function run() {
  const browser = await puppeteer.launch({
    headless: false,
    defaultViewport: { width: 1366, height: 768 }
  });
  const page = await browser.newPage();

  await page.goto('http://kthornbloom.com/slidetosubmit/');
  await page.type('input[name="name"]', 'Puppeteer Bot');
  await page.type('input[name="email"]', 'js@automation.com');

  let sliderElement = await page.$('.slide-submit');
  let slider = await sliderElement.boundingBox();

  let sliderHandle = await page.$('.slide-submit-thumb');
  let handle = await sliderHandle.boundingBox();

  await page.mouse.move(
    handle.x + handle.width / 2,
    handle.y + handle.height / 2
  );
  await page.mouse.down();
  await page.mouse.move(handle.x + slider.width, handle.y + handle.height / 2, {
    steps: 10
  });
  await page.mouse.up();

  await page.waitFor(3000);

  // success!

  await browser.close();
}

run();

在实际的案例中，我们可以以淘宝的注册界面为例：

const puppeteer = require('puppeteer');

async function run() {
  const browser = await puppeteer.launch({
    headless: false,
    defaultViewport: { width: 1366, height: 768 }
  });
  const page = await browser.newPage();

  await page.evaluateOnNewDocument(() => {
    Object.defineProperty(navigator, 'webdriver', {
      get: () => false
    });
  });

  await page.goto('https://world.taobao.com/markets/all/sea/register');

  let frame = page.frames()[1];
  await frame.waitForSelector('.nc_iconfont.btn_slide');

  const sliderElement = await frame.$('.slidetounlock');
  const slider = await sliderElement.boundingBox();

  const sliderHandle = await frame.$('.nc_iconfont.btn_slide');
  const handle = await sliderHandle.boundingBox();
  await page.mouse.move(
    handle.x + handle.width / 2,
    handle.y + handle.height / 2
  );
  await page.mouse.down();
  await page.mouse.move(handle.x + slider.width, handle.y + handle.height / 2, {
    steps: 50
  });
  await page.mouse.up();

  await page.waitFor(3000);

  // success!

  await browser.close();
}

run();

另一种常见的滑块则是如下这种拼图性质的滑块：

const puppeteer = require('puppeteer');
const Rembrandt = require('rembrandt');

async function run() {
  const browser = await puppeteer.launch({
    headless: false,
    defaultViewport: { width: 1366, height: 768 }
  });
  const page = await browser.newPage();

  let originalImage = '';

  await page.setRequestInterception(true);
  page.on('request', request => request.continue());
  page.on('response', async response => {
    if (response.request().resourceType() === 'image')
      originalImage = await response.buffer().catch(() => {});
  });

  await page.goto('https://monoplasty.github.io/vue-monoplasty-slide-verify/');

  const sliderElement = await page.$('.slide-verify-slider');
  const slider = await sliderElement.boundingBox();

  const sliderHandle = await page.$('.slide-verify-slider-mask-item');
  const handle = await sliderHandle.boundingBox();

  let currentPosition = 0;
  let bestSlider = {
    position: 0,
    difference: 100
  };

  await page.mouse.move(
    handle.x + handle.width / 2,
    handle.y + handle.height / 2
  );
  await page.mouse.down();

  while (currentPosition < slider.width - handle.width / 2) {
    await page.mouse.move(
      handle.x + currentPosition,
      handle.y + handle.height / 2 + Math.random() * 10 - 5
    );

    let sliderContainer = await page.$('.slide-verify');
    let sliderImage = await sliderContainer.screenshot();

    const rembrandt = new Rembrandt({
      imageA: originalImage,
      imageB: sliderImage,
      thresholdType: Rembrandt.THRESHOLD_PERCENT
    });

    let result = await rembrandt.compare();
    let difference = result.percentageDifference * 100;

    if (difference < bestSlider.difference) {
      bestSlider.difference = difference;
      bestSlider.position = currentPosition;
    }

    currentPosition += 5;
  }

  await page.mouse.move(
    handle.x + bestSlider.position,
    handle.y + handle.height / 2,
    { steps: 10 }
  );
  await page.mouse.up();

  await page.waitFor(3000);

  // success!

  await browser.close();
}

run();

这里我们采用了简单的图片对比的方式，即在滑动过程中，如果发现了有符合阈值的差异，则认为是已经滑动成功。

Spider 配置

在 Cendertron 中，提供了一类特殊的 Slider Captcha Monkey，在传入的 SpiderOption 中添加如下参数即可：

export interface SpiderOption {
  allowRedirect: boolean;
  depth: number;
  // 页面插件
  monkies?: {
    sliderCaptcha: {
      sliderElementSelector: string;
      sliderHandleSelector: string;
    };
  };
}

延伸阅读

您可以通过以下任一方式阅读笔者的系列文章，涵盖了技术资料归纳、编程语言与理论、Web 与大前端、服务端开发与基础架构、云计算与大数据、数据科学与人工智能、产品设计等多个领域：

• 在 Gitbook 中在线浏览，每个系列对应各自的 Gitbook 仓库。