Airtest 和 Poco 的 API 总结
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Airtest
首先需要安装 Airtest,使用 pip3 即可:
pip3 install airtest
初始化 device
如果设备没有被初始化的话会进行初始化,并把初始化的设备作为当前设备。
用法如下:
def init_device(platform="Android", uuid=None, **kwargs): """ Initialize device if not yet, and set as current device. :param platform: Android, IOS or Windows :param uuid: uuid for target device, e.g. serialno for Android, handle for Windows, uuid for iOS :param kwargs: Optional platform specific keyword args, e.g. `cap_method=JAVACAP` for Android :return: device instance """
示例如下:
device = init_device('Android') print(device)
运行结果如下:
可以发现它返回的是一个 Android 对象。
这个 Android 对象实际上属于 airtest.core.android
这个包,继承自 airtest.core.device.Device
这个类,与之并列的还有 airtest.core.ios.ios.IOS
、 airtest.core.linux.linux.Linux
、 airtest.core.win.win.Windows
等。这些都有一些针对 Device 操作的 API,下面我们以 airtest.core.android.android.Android
为例来总结一下。
- get_default_device:获取默认 device
- uuid:获取当前 Device 的 UUID
- list_app:列举所有 App
- path_app:打印输出某个 App 的完整路径
- check_app:检查某个 App 是否在当前设备上
- start_app:启动某个 App
- start_app_timing:启动某个 App,然后计算时间
- stop_app:停止某个 App
- clear_app:清空某个 App 的全部数据
- install_app:安装某个 App
- install_multiple_app:安装多个 App
- uninstall_app:卸载某个 App
- snapshot:屏幕截图
- shell:获取 Adb Shell 执行的结果
- keyevent:执行键盘操作
- wake:唤醒当前设备
- home:点击 HOME 键
- text:向设备输入内容
- touch:点击屏幕某处的位置
- double_click:双击屏幕某处的位置
- swipe:滑动屏幕,由一点到另外一点
- pinch:手指捏和操作
- logcat:日志记录操作
- getprop:获取某个特定属性的值
- get_ip_address:获取 IP 地址
- get_top_activity:获取当前 Activity
- get_top_activity_name_and_pid:获取当前 Activity 的名称和进程号
- get_top_activity_name:获取当前 Activity 的名称
- is_keyboard_shown:判断当前键盘是否出现了
- is_locked:设备是否锁定了
- unlock:解锁设备
- display_info:获取当前显示信息,如屏幕宽高等
- get_display_info:同 display_info
- get_current_resolution:获取当前设备分辨率
- get_render_resolution:获取当前渲染分辨率
- start_recording:开始录制
- stop_recording:结束录制
- adjust_all_screen:调整屏幕适配分辨率
了解了上面的方法之后,我们可以用一个实例来感受下它们的用法:
from airtest.core.android import Android from airtest.core.api import * import logging logging.getLogger("airtest").setLevel(logging.WARNING) device: Android = init_device('Android') is_locked = device.is_locked() print(f'is_locked: {is_locked}') if is_locked: device.unlock() device.wake() app_list = device.list_app() print(f'app list {app_list}') uuid = device.uuid print(f'uuid {uuid}') display_info = device.get_display_info() print(f'display info {display_info}') resolution = device.get_render_resolution() print(f'resolution {resolution}') ip_address = device.get_ip_address() print(f'ip address {ip_address}') top_activity = device.get_top_activity() print(f'top activity {top_activity}') is_keyboard_shown = device.is_keyboard_shown() print(f'is keyboard shown {is_keyboard_shown}')
这里我们调用了设备的一些操作方法,获取了一些基本状态,运行结果如下:
is_locked: False app list ['com.kimcy929.screenrecorder', 'com.android.providers.telephony', 'io.appium.settings', 'com.android.providers.calendar', 'com.android.providers.media', 'com.goldze.mvvmhabit', 'com.android.wallpapercropper', 'com.android.documentsui', 'com.android.galaxy4', 'com.android.externalstorage', 'com.android.htmlviewer', 'com.android.quicksearchbox', 'com.android.mms.service', 'com.android.providers.downloads', 'mark.qrcode', ..., 'com.google.android.play.games', 'io.kkzs', 'tv.danmaku.bili', 'com.android.captiveportallogin'] uuid emulator-5554 display info {'id': 0, 'width': 1080, 'height': 1920, 'xdpi': 320.0, 'ydpi': 320.0, 'size': 6.88, 'density': 2.0, 'fps': 60.0, 'secure': True, 'rotation': 0, 'orientation': 0.0, 'physical_width': 1080, 'physical_height': 1920} resolution (0.0, 0.0, 1080.0, 1920.0) ip address 10.0.2.15 top activity ('com.microsoft.launcher.dev', 'com.microsoft.launcher.Launcher', '16040') is keyboard shown False
连接 device
连接 device 需要传入设备的 uri,格式类似 android://adbhost:adbport/serialno?param=value¶m2=value2
,使用方法如下:
def connect_device(uri): """ Initialize device with uri, and set as current device. :param uri: an URI where to connect to device, e.g. `android://adbhost:adbport/serialno?param=value¶m2=value2` :return: device instance :Example: * ``android:///`` # local adb device using default params * ``android://adbhost:adbport/1234566?cap_method=javacap&touch_method=adb`` # remote device using custom params * ``windows:///`` # local Windows application * ``ios:///`` # iOS device """
示例如下:
from airtest.core.android import Android from airtest.core.api import * uri = 'Android://127.0.0.1:5037/emulator-5554' device: Android = connect_device(uri) print(device)
运行结果如下:
其实返回结果和 init_device 是一样的,最后 connect_device 方法就是调用了 init_device 方法。
获取当前 device
就是直接调用 device 方法,定义如下:
def device(): """ Return the current active device. :return: current device instance """ return G.DEVICE
获取所有 device
在 airtest 中有一个全局变量 G,获取所有 device 的方法如下:
from airtest.core.android import Android from airtest.core.api import * print(G.DEVICE_LIST) uri = 'Android://127.0.0.1:5037/emulator-5554' device: Android = connect_device(uri) print(G.DEVICE_LIST)
运行结果如下:
[] []
这里需要注意的是,在最开始没有调用 connect_device 方法之前,DEVICE_LIST 是空的,在调用之后 DEVICE_LIST 会自动添加已经连接的 device,DEVICE_LIST 就是已经连接的 device 列表
切换 device
我们可以使用 set_current 方法切换当前连接的 device,传入的是 index,定义如下:
def set_current(idx): """ Set current active device. :param idx: uuid or index of initialized device instance :raise IndexError: raised when device idx is not found :return: None :platforms: Android, iOS, Windows """
这个方法没有返回值,调用 set_current 方法切换 device 之后,再调用 device 方法就可以获取当前 device 对象了。
执行命令行
可以使用 shell 方法传入 cmd 来执行命令行,定义如下:
@logwrap def shell(cmd): """ Start remote shell in the target device and execute the command :param cmd: command to be run on device, e.g. "ls /data/local/tmp" :return: the output of the shell cmd :platforms: Android """ return G.DEVICE.shell(cmd)
直接调用 adb 命令就好了,例如获取内存信息就可以使用如下命令:
from airtest.core.api import * uri = 'Android://127.0.0.1:5037/emulator-5554' connect_device(uri) result = shell('cat /proc/meminfo') print(result)
运行结果如下:
MemTotal: 3627908 kB MemFree: 2655560 kB MemAvailable: 2725928 kB Buffers: 3496 kB Cached: 147472 kB SwapCached: 0 kB Active: 744592 kB Inactive: 126332 kB Active(anon): 723292 kB Inactive(anon): 16344 kB Active(file): 21300 kB Inactive(file): 109988 kB Unevictable: 0 kB Mlocked: 0 kB HighTotal: 2760648 kB HighFree: 2073440 kB LowTotal: 867260 kB LowFree: 582120 kB SwapTotal: 0 kB SwapFree: 0 kB Dirty: 0 kB Writeback: 0 kB AnonPages: 720100 kB Mapped: 127720 kB Shmem: 19428 kB Slab: 76196 kB SReclaimable: 7392 kB SUnreclaim: 68804 kB KernelStack: 7896 kB PageTables: 8544 kB NFS_Unstable: 0 kB Bounce: 0 kB WritebackTmp: 0 kB CommitLimit: 1813952 kB Committed_AS: 21521776 kB VmallocTotal: 122880 kB VmallocUsed: 38876 kB VmallocChunk: 15068 kB DirectMap4k: 16376 kB DirectMap4M: 892928 kB
启动和停止 App
启动和停止 App 直接传入包名即可,其实它们就是调用的 device 的 start_app 和 stop_app 方法,定义如下:
@logwrap def start_app(package, activity=None): """ Start the target application on device :param package: name of the package to be started, e.g. "com.netease.my" :param activity: the activity to start, default is None which means the main activity :return: None :platforms: Android, iOS """ G.DEVICE.start_app(package, activity) @logwrap def stop_app(package): """ Stop the target application on device :param package: name of the package to stop, see also `start_app` :return: None :platforms: Android, iOS """ G.DEVICE.stop_app(package)
用法示例如下:
from airtest.core.api import * uri = 'Android://127.0.0.1:5037/emulator-5554' connect_device(uri) package = 'com.tencent.mm' start_app(package) sleep(10) stop_app(package)
这里我指定了微信的包名,然后调用 start_app 启动了微信,然后等待了 10 秒,然后调用了 stop_app 停止了微信。
安装和卸载
安装和卸载也是一样,也是调用了 device 的 install 和 uninstall 方法,定义如下:
@logwrap def install(filepath, **kwargs): """ Install application on device :param filepath: the path to file to be installed on target device :param kwargs: platform specific `kwargs`, please refer to corresponding docs :return: None :platforms: Android """ return G.DEVICE.install_app(filepath, **kwargs) @logwrap def uninstall(package): """ Uninstall application on device :param package: name of the package, see also `start_app` :return: None :platforms: Android """ return G.DEVICE.uninstall_app(package)
截图
截图使用 snapshot 即可完成,可以设定存储的文件名称,图片质量等。
定义如下:
def snapshot(filename=None, msg="", quality=ST.SNAPSHOT_QUALITY): """ Take the screenshot of the target device and save it to the file. :param filename: name of the file where to save the screenshot. If the relative path is provided, the default location is ``ST.LOG_DIR`` :param msg: short description for screenshot, it will be recorded in the report :param quality: The image quality, integer in range [1, 99] :return: absolute path of the screenshot :platforms: Android, iOS, Windows """
示例如下:
from airtest.core.api import * uri = 'Android://127.0.0.1:5037/emulator-5554' connect_device(uri) package = 'com.tencent.mm' start_app(package) sleep(3) snapshot('weixin.png', quality=30)
运行之后在当前目录会生成一个 weixin.png 的图片,如图所示:
唤醒和首页
唤醒和回到首页分别也是调用了 device 的 wake 和 home 方法,定义如下:
@logwrap def wake(): """ Wake up and unlock the target device :return: None :platforms: Android .. note:: Might not work on some models """ G.DEVICE.wake() @logwrap def home(): """ Return to the home screen of the target device. :return: None :platforms: Android, iOS """ G.DEVICE.home()
直接调用即可。
点击屏幕
点击屏幕是 touch 方法,可以传入一张图或者绝对位置,同时可以指定点击次数,定义如下:
@logwrap def touch(v, times=1, **kwargs): """ Perform the touch action on the device screen :param v: target to touch, either a Template instance or absolute coordinates (x, y) :param times: how many touches to be performed :param kwargs: platform specific `kwargs`, please refer to corresponding docs :return: finial position to be clicked :platforms: Android, Windows, iOS """
例如我现在的手机屏幕是这样子:
这里我截图下来一张图片,如图所示:
然后我们把这个图片声明成一个 Template 传入,示例如下:
from airtest.core.api import * uri = 'Android://127.0.0.1:5037/emulator-5554' connect_device(uri) touch(Template('tpl.png'))
启动之后它就会识别出这张图片的位置,然后点击。
或者我们可以指定点击的绝对位置,示例如下:
from airtest.core.api import * uri = 'Android://127.0.0.1:5037/emulator-5554' connect_device(uri) home() touch((400, 600), times=2)
另外上述的 touch 方法还可以完全等同于 click 方法。
如果要双击的话,还可以使用调用 double_click 方法,传入参数也可以是 Template 或者绝对位置。
滑动
滑动可以使用 swipe 方法,可以传入起始和终止位置,两个位置都可以传入绝对位置或者 Template,定义如下:
@logwrap def swipe(v1, v2=None, vector=None, **kwargs): """ Perform the swipe action on the device screen. There are two ways of assigning the parameters * ``swipe(v1, v2=Template(...))`` # swipe from v1 to v2 * ``swipe(v1, vector=(x, y))`` # swipe starts at v1 and moves along the vector. :param v1: the start point of swipe, either a Template instance or absolute coordinates (x, y) :param v2: the end point of swipe, either a Template instance or absolute coordinates (x, y) :param vector: a vector coordinates of swipe action, either absolute coordinates (x, y) or percentage of screen e.g.(0.5, 0.5) :param **kwargs: platform specific `kwargs`, please refer to corresponding docs :raise Exception: general exception when not enough parameters to perform swap action have been provided :return: Origin position and target position :platforms: Android, Windows, iOS """
比如这里我们可以定义手指向右滑动:
from airtest.core.api import * uri = 'Android://127.0.0.1:5037/emulator-5554' connect_device(uri) home() swipe((200, 300), (900, 300))
放大缩小
放大缩小是使用的 pinch 方法,可以指定放大还是缩小,同时还可以指定中心位置点和放大缩小的比率。
定义如下:
@logwrap def pinch(in_or_out='in', center=None, percent=0.5): """ Perform the pinch action on the device screen :param in_or_out: pinch in or pinch out, enum in ["in", "out"] :param center: center of pinch action, default as None which is the center of the screen :param percent: percentage of the screen of pinch action, default is 0.5 :return: None :platforms: Android """
示例如下:
from airtest.core.api import * uri = 'Android://127.0.0.1:5037/emulator-5554' connect_device(uri) home() pinch(in_or_out='out', center=(300, 300), percent=0.4)
键盘事件
可以使用 keyevent 来输入某个键,例如 home、back 等等,keyevent 的定义如下:
def keyevent(keyname, **kwargs): """ Perform key event on the device :param keyname: platform specific key name :param **kwargs: platform specific `kwargs`, please refer to corresponding docs :return: None :platforms: Android, Windows, iOS """
示例如下:
keyevent("HOME")
这样就表示按了 HOME 键。
输入内容
输入内容需要使用 text 方法,当然前提是这个 widget 需要是 active 状态,text 的定义如下:
@logwrap def text(text, enter=True, **kwargs): """ Input text on the target device. Text input widget must be active first. :param text: text to input, unicode is supported :param enter: input `Enter` keyevent after text input, default is True :return: None :platforms: Android, Windows, iOS """
等待和判断
可以使用 wait 方法等待某个内容加载出来,需要传入的是 Template,定义如下:
@logwrap def wait(v, timeout=None, interval=0.5, intervalfunc=None): """ Wait to match the Template on the device screen :param v: target object to wait for, Template instance :param timeout: time interval to wait for the match, default is None which is ``ST.FIND_TIMEOUT`` :param interval: time interval in seconds to attempt to find a match :param intervalfunc: called after each unsuccessful attempt to find the corresponding match :raise TargetNotFoundError: raised if target is not found after the time limit expired :return: coordinates of the matched target :platforms: Android, Windows, iOS """
同时也使用 exists 方法判断某个内容是否存在,定义如下:
@logwrap def exists(v): """ Check whether given target exists on device screen :param v: target to be checked :return: False if target is not found, otherwise returns the coordinates of the target :platforms: Android, Windows, iOS """
断言
另外 Airtest 还提供了几个断言语句来判断结果是否存在或者相同,定义如下:
@logwrap def assert_exists(v, msg=""): """ Assert target exists on device screen :param v: target to be checked :param msg: short description of assertion, it will be recorded in the report :raise AssertionError: if assertion fails :return: coordinates of the target :platforms: Android, Windows, iOS """ try: pos = loop_find(v, timeout=ST.FIND_TIMEOUT, threshold=ST.THRESHOLD_STRICT) return pos except TargetNotFoundError: raise AssertionError("%s does not exist in screen, message: %s" % (v, msg)) @logwrap def assert_not_exists(v, msg=""): """ Assert target does not exist on device screen :param v: target to be checked :param msg: short description of assertion, it will be recorded in the report :raise AssertionError: if assertion fails :return: None. :platforms: Android, Windows, iOS """ try: pos = loop_find(v, timeout=ST.FIND_TIMEOUT_TMP) raise AssertionError("%s exists unexpectedly at pos: %s, message: %s" % (v, pos, msg)) except TargetNotFoundError: pass @logwrap def assert_equal(first, second, msg=""): """ Assert two values are equal :param first: first value :param second: second value :param msg: short description of assertion, it will be recorded in the report :raise AssertionError: if assertion fails :return: None :platforms: Android, Windows, iOS """ if first != second: raise AssertionError("%s and %s are not equal, message: %s" % (first, second, msg)) @logwrap def assert_not_equal(first, second, msg=""): """ Assert two values are not equal :param first: first value :param second: second value :param msg: short description of assertion, it will be recorded in the report :raise AssertionError: if assertion :return: None :platforms: Android, Windows, iOS """ if first == second: raise AssertionError("%s and %s are equal, message: %s" % (first, second, msg))
这几个断言比较常用的就是 assert_exists 和 assert_not_exists 判断某个目标是否存在于屏幕上,同时还可以传入 msg,它可以被记录到 report 里面。
以上就是 Airtest 的 API 的用法,它提供了一些便捷的方法封装,同时还对接了图像识别等技术。
但 Airtest 也有一定的局限性,比如不能根据 DOM 树来选择对应的节点,依靠图像识别也有一定的不精确之处,所以还需要另外一个库 —— Poco。
Poco
利用 Poco 我们可以支持 DOM 选择,例如编写 XPath 等来定位某一个节点。
首先需要安装 Poco,使用 pip3 即可:
pip3 install pocoui
安装好了之后我们便可以使用它来选择一些节点了,示例如下:
from airtest.core.api import * from poco.drivers.android.uiautomation import AndroidUiautomationPoco poco = AndroidUiautomationPoco() uri = 'Android://127.0.0.1:5037/emulator-5554' connect_device(uri) home() poco(text='Weather').click()
比如这里我们就声明了 AndroidUiautomationPoco 这个 Poco 对象,然后调用了 poco 传入一些选择器,选中之后执行 click 方法。
这个选择器非常强大,可以传入 name 和各个属性值,具体的使用方法见: https://poco.readthedocs.io/en/latest/source/poco.pocofw.html
from airtest.core.api import * from poco.drivers.android.uiautomation import AndroidUiautomationPoco from poco.proxy import UIObjectProxy poco = AndroidUiautomationPoco() uri = 'Android://127.0.0.1:5037/emulator-5554' connect_device(uri) home() object: UIObjectProxy = poco("com.microsoft.launcher.dev:id/workspace") print(object)
poco 返回的是 UIObjectProxy 对象,它提供了其他的操作 API,例如选取子节点,兄弟节点,父节点等等,同时可以调用各个操作方法,如 click、pinch、scroll 等等。
具体的操作文档可以参见: https://poco.readthedocs.io/en/latest/source/poco.proxy.html
下面简单总结:
- attr:获取节点属性
- child:获取子节点
- children:获取所有子节点
- click:点击
- double_click:双击
- drag_to:将某个节点拖拽到另一个节点
- exists:某个节点是否存在
- focus:获得焦点
- get_bounds:获取边界
- get_name:获取节点名
- get_position:获取节点位置
- get_size:获取节点大小
- get_text:获取文本内容
- long_click:长按
- offspring:选出包含直接子代的后代
- parent:父节点
- pinch:缩放
- scroll:滑动
- set_text:设置文字
- sibling:兄弟节点
- swipe:滑动
- wait:等待
- wait_for_appearance:等待某个节点出现
- wait_for_disappearance:等待某个节点消失
以上的这些方法混用的话就可以执行各种节点的选择和相应的操作。