Python中matplotlib的颜色及线条参数控制示例-演道网

b: blue
g: green
r: red
c: cyan
m: magenta
y: yellow
k: black
w: white

然而，我发现这些颜色也可以使用，至少在这种情况下:

scatter(X,Y, color=’red’)
scatter(X,Y, color=’orange’)
scatter(X,Y, color=’darkgreen’)

有一张图片显示所有标记的名称和描述，我希望它会对你有所帮助。

与matplotlib示例相比，我并没有做太多更改，下面是完整的代码。

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import colors as mcolors

colors = dict(mcolors.BASE_COLORS, **mcolors.CSS4_COLORS)

# Sort colors by hue, saturation, value and name.
by_hsv = sorted((tuple(mcolors.rgb_to_hsv(mcolors.to_rgba(color)[:3])), name)
                for name, color in colors.items())
sorted_names = [name for hsv, name in by_hsv]

n = len(sorted_names)
ncols = 4
nrows = n // ncols

fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(12, 10))

# Get height and width
X, Y = fig.get_dpi() * fig.get_size_inches()
h = Y / (nrows + 1)
w = X / ncols

for i, name in enumerate(sorted_names):
    row = i % nrows
    col = i // nrows
    y = Y – (row * h) – h

    xi_line = w * (col + 0.05)
    xf_line = w * (col + 0.25)
    xi_text = w * (col + 0.3)

    ax.text(xi_text, y, name, fontsize=(h * 0.8),
            horizontalalignment=’left’,
            verticalalignment=’center’)

    ax.hlines(y + h * 0.1, xi_line, xf_line,
              color=colors[name], linewidth=(h * 0.8))

ax.set_xlim(0, X)
ax.set_ylim(0, Y)
ax.set_axis_off()

fig.subplots_adjust(left=0, right=1,
                    top=1, bottom=0,
                    hspace=0, wspace=0)
plt.show()

如果您想在使用matplotlib绘图时使用其他命名颜色，可以使用xkcd颜色名称，通过’xkcd：’前缀：

plt.plot([1,2], lw=4, c=’xkcd:baby poop green’)

现在您可以访问大量的命名颜色！ https://www.linuxidc.com/tools/color/rgb/index.html

linestyle可选参数：

‘-‘      solid line style
‘–‘      dashed line style
‘-.’      dash-dot line style
‘:’      dotted line style

marker可选参数：

‘.’      point marker
‘,’      pixel marker
‘o’      circle marker
‘v’      triangle_down marker
‘^’      triangle_up marker
‘<'      triangle_left marker
‘>’      triangle_right marker
‘1’      tri_down marker
‘2’      tri_up marker
‘3’      tri_left marker
‘4’      tri_right marker
‘s’      square marker
‘p’      pentagon marker
‘*’      star marker
‘h’      hexagon1 marker
‘H’      hexagon2 marker
‘+’      plus marker
‘x’      x marker
‘D’      diamond marker
‘d’      thin_diamond marker
‘|’      vline marker
‘_’      hline marker

matplotlib中color可用的颜色：

cnames = {
‘aliceblue’:            ‘#F0F8FF’,
‘antiquewhite’:        ‘#FAEBD7’,
‘aqua’:                ‘#00FFFF’,
‘aquamarine’:          ‘#7FFFD4’,
‘azure’:                ‘#F0FFFF’,
‘beige’:                ‘#F5F5DC’,
‘bisque’:              ‘#FFE4C4’,
‘black’:                ‘#000000’,
‘blanchedalmond’:      ‘#FFEBCD’,
‘blue’:                ‘#0000FF’,
‘blueviolet’:          ‘#8A2BE2’,
‘brown’:                ‘#A52A2A’,
‘burlywood’:            ‘#DEB887’,
‘cadetblue’:            ‘#5F9EA0’,
‘chartreuse’:          ‘#7FFF00’,
‘chocolate’:            ‘#D2691E’,
‘coral’:                ‘#FF7F50’,
‘cornflowerblue’:      ‘#6495ED’,
‘cornsilk’:            ‘#FFF8DC’,
‘crimson’:              ‘#DC143C’,
‘cyan’:                ‘#00FFFF’,
‘darkblue’:            ‘#00008B’,
‘darkcyan’:            ‘#008B8B’,
‘darkgoldenrod’:        ‘#B8860B’,
‘darkgray’:            ‘#A9A9A9’,
‘darkgreen’:            ‘#006400’,
‘darkkhaki’:            ‘#BDB76B’,
‘darkmagenta’:          ‘#8B008B’,
‘darkolivegreen’:      ‘#556B2F’,
‘darkorange’:          ‘#FF8C00’,
‘darkorchid’:          ‘#9932CC’,
‘darkred’:              ‘#8B0000’,
‘darksalmon’:          ‘#E9967A’,
‘darkseagreen’:        ‘#8FBC8F’,
‘darkslateblue’:        ‘#483D8B’,
‘darkslategray’:        ‘#2F4F4F’,
‘darkturquoise’:        ‘#00CED1’,
‘darkviolet’:          ‘#9400D3’,
‘deeppink’:            ‘#FF1493’,
‘deepskyblue’:          ‘#00BFFF’,
‘dimgray’:              ‘#696969’,
‘dodgerblue’:          ‘#1E90FF’,
‘firebrick’:            ‘#B22222’,
‘floralwhite’:          ‘#FFFAF0’,
‘forestgreen’:          ‘#228B22’,
‘fuchsia’:              ‘#FF00FF’,
‘gainsboro’:            ‘#DCDCDC’,
‘ghostwhite’:          ‘#F8F8FF’,
‘gold’:                ‘#FFD700’,
‘goldenrod’:            ‘#DAA520’,
‘gray’:                ‘#808080’,
‘green’:                ‘#008000’,
‘greenyellow’:          ‘#ADFF2F’,
‘honeydew’:            ‘#F0FFF0’,
‘hotpink’:              ‘#FF69B4’,
‘indianred’:            ‘#CD5C5C’,
‘indigo’:              ‘#4B0082’,
‘ivory’:                ‘#FFFFF0’,
‘khaki’:                ‘#F0E68C’,
‘lavender’:            ‘#E6E6FA’,
‘lavenderblush’:        ‘#FFF0F5’,
‘lawngreen’:            ‘#7CFC00’,
‘lemonchiffon’:        ‘#FFFACD’,
‘lightblue’:            ‘#ADD8E6’,
‘lightcoral’:          ‘#F08080’,
‘lightcyan’:            ‘#E0FFFF’,
‘lightgoldenrodyellow’: ‘#FAFAD2’,
‘lightgreen’:          ‘#90EE90’,
‘lightgray’:            ‘#D3D3D3’,
‘lightpink’:            ‘#FFB6C1’,
‘lightsalmon’:          ‘#FFA07A’,
‘lightseagreen’:        ‘#20B2AA’,
‘lightskyblue’:        ‘#87CEFA’,
‘lightslategray’:      ‘#778899’,
‘lightsteelblue’:      ‘#B0C4DE’,
‘lightyellow’:          ‘#FFFFE0’,
‘lime’:                ‘#00FF00’,
‘limegreen’:            ‘#32CD32’,
‘linen’:                ‘#FAF0E6’,
‘magenta’:              ‘#FF00FF’,
‘maroon’:              ‘#800000’,
‘mediumaquamarine’:    ‘#66CDAA’,
‘mediumblue’:          ‘#0000CD’,
‘mediumorchid’:        ‘#BA55D3’,
‘mediumpurple’:        ‘#9370DB’,
‘mediumseagreen’:      ‘#3CB371’,
‘mediumslateblue’:      ‘#7B68EE’,
‘mediumspringgreen’:    ‘#00FA9A’,
‘mediumturquoise’:      ‘#48D1CC’,
‘mediumvioletred’:      ‘#C71585’,
‘midnightblue’:        ‘#191970’,
‘mintcream’:            ‘#F5FFFA’,
‘mistyrose’:            ‘#FFE4E1’,
‘moccasin’:            ‘#FFE4B5’,
‘navajowhite’:          ‘#FFDEAD’,
‘navy’:                ‘#000080’,
‘oldlace’:              ‘#FDF5E6’,
‘olive’:                ‘#808000’,
‘olivedrab’:            ‘#6B8E23’,
‘orange’:              ‘#FFA500’,
‘orangered’:            ‘#FF4500’,
‘orchid’:              ‘#DA70D6’,
‘palegoldenrod’:        ‘#EEE8AA’,
‘palegreen’:            ‘#98FB98’,
‘paleturquoise’:        ‘#AFEEEE’,
‘palevioletred’:        ‘#DB7093’,
‘papayawhip’:          ‘#FFEFD5’,
‘peachpuff’:            ‘#FFDAB9’,
‘peru’:                ‘#CD853F’,
‘pink’:                ‘#FFC0CB’,
‘plum’:                ‘#DDA0DD’,
‘powderblue’:          ‘#B0E0E6’,
‘purple’:              ‘#800080’,
‘red’:                  ‘#FF0000’,
‘rosybrown’:            ‘#BC8F8F’,
‘royalblue’:            ‘#4169E1’,
‘saddlebrown’:          ‘#8B4513’,
‘salmon’:              ‘#FA8072’,
‘sandybrown’:          ‘#FAA460’,
‘seagreen’:            ‘#2E8B57’,
‘seashell’:            ‘#FFF5EE’,
‘sienna’:              ‘#A0522D’,
‘silver’:              ‘#C0C0C0’,
‘skyblue’:              ‘#87CEEB’,
‘slateblue’:            ‘#6A5ACD’,
‘slategray’:            ‘#708090’,
‘snow’:                ‘#FFFAFA’,
‘springgreen’:          ‘#00FF7F’,
‘steelblue’:            ‘#4682B4’,
‘tan’:                  ‘#D2B48C’,
‘teal’:                ‘#008080’,
‘thistle’:              ‘#D8BFD8’,
‘tomato’:              ‘#FF6347’,
‘turquoise’:            ‘#40E0D0’,
‘violet’:              ‘#EE82EE’,
‘wheat’:                ‘#F5DEB3’,
‘white’:                ‘#FFFFFF’,
‘whitesmoke’:          ‘#F5F5F5’,
‘yellow’:              ‘#FFFF00’,
‘yellowgreen’:          ‘#9ACD32’}

例子

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.subplots(1, 1)
x= range(100)
y= [i**2 for i in x]

plt.plot(x, y, linewidth = ‘2’, label = ‘www.linuxidc.com’, color=’coral’, linestyle=’:’, marker=’d’)
plt.legend(loc=’upper left’)
plt.show()

说明：其实上面color=’coral’中，可以换成color=’#be03fd’，每两个十六进制数分别代表R、G、B分量：

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

xs = np.linspace(-np.pi, np.pi, 30)
ys = np.sin(xs)
markers_on = [12, 17, 18, 19]
plt.plot(xs, ys, ‘-gD’, markevery=markers_on)
plt.show()

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